One of the most important aspects of our children's health is vaccines, which prevent highly contagious diseases and some very dangerous and even life threatening.
Although in the periodic reviews of our son, our pediatrician and / or nurse will inform us of the vaccines that correspond to him according to his age and the vaccination calendar of the AEP, we leave you this compilation (alphabetically ordered) with all the vaccines that should be administered . Remember the importance of completing all doses and periodically check your vaccination schedule.
Diphtheria
This vaccine can be given as part of the hexalavelent vaccine (combined with tetanus, polio, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B), of the pentavalent vaccine (combined with tetanus, polio, cough pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B), from the trivalent vaccine (combined with tetanus and pertussis) or combined only with tetanus.
What is diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a contagious respiratory disease that is caused by the infection of the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Produce a toxin that affects the respiratory tract in this way and spreads to organs such as the heart and the brain, causing irreparable damage or even death.
Dose of the vaccine
Are administered five doses of the vaccine of diphtheria, as follows:
Two doses at two and four months of DTPa vaccine (hexavalent), with booster at 11 months.
A fourth dose at six years with the standard loading preparation (DTPa-VPI), preferable to the low antigenic load of diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa-VPI).
A fifth dose between 12 and 14 years with Tdpa.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here
Haemophilus influenzae type b
This vaccine can be administered as part of the hexalavelent vaccine (combined with diphtheria, tetanus, polio, whooping cough and hepatitis B), the pentavalent vaccine (combined with diphtheria, tetanus, polio and pertussis) or in isolation .
What is Haemophilus influenzae type b?
It is a bacterium that produces potentially serious infections, especially in children under 5 years. It can affect the lung, the ear, the larynx, producing pneumonia, otitis and epiglottitis, and can also cause meningitis.
Dose of the vaccine
Three doses are administered at two and four months, and the third dose is advanced from 12 to 11 months.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Hepatitis B
This vaccine can be administered in isolation (monocomponent), in a single vaccine combined with Hepatitis A, or as part of the hexavalent vaccine (combined with tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B).
What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a disease caused by a virus that produces a liver inflammation and various symptoms, such as lack of appetite, fatigue, fever, muscle and joint pain, nausea and vomiting, yellow skin and cloudy urine. Occasionally, the virus is left in the body causing chronic hepatitis B.
Dose of the vaccine
Three doses are given as a hexavalent vaccine to two months, four months and 11 months old.
In addition to these doses, just over half of the Spanish autonomous communities vaccinate all newborns as soon as they are born. This seeks a safety net in case a child of a carrier mother was born who had not been detected.
On the other hand, the autonomous communities that consider their surveillance system during pregnancy to be very safe initiate general vaccination at two months and only vaccinate after birth the children of mothers carrying hepatitis B virus, including premature babies.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Meningitis B
This vaccine, not funded in some communities, can be purchased in pharmacies since October 2015 under two trade names: Bexsero and Trumemba. The Spanish Association of Pediatrics recommends its administration.
At the moment, only Castilla y León, Canarias and Andalucía have announced their financing.
What is meningitis B?
Meningitis B is an unlikely but very serious and even fatal disease. According to data from the AEP, one in ten cases is insurmountable and between 20 and 30 percent are left with serious sequelae such as seizures, deafness, amputations and mental retardation.
Dose of the vaccine
The vaccination schedule is as follows:
- If vaccination starts between two and three months, four doses are needed.
- If vaccination starts from all three, three doses are needed. Two doses should be separated by two months, and the booster will be put in after 12 months, and with six months of separation from the primonmunization.
- If vaccination begins after two years and up to ten years, two doses are needed.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
For vaccinate children over ten years old The vaccine with the commercial name of Trumemba should be chosen, which will be administered in two doses or three doses in patients at risk. To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Meningitis C
Meningococcus C is one of the most frequent in Spain. The most exposed to this disease are young children and adolescents, who in many cases can even be carriers of the bacteria in the throat, being able to infect other children without becoming infected.
What is meningitis C?
The most common forms of presentation of invasive meningococcal disease are meningitis, followed by sepsis or a combination of both. Other less frequent forms are: pneumonia, endocarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis, pharyngitis and cervicitis.
Dose of the vaccine
This vaccine It is given in three doses at four months, at 12 months and at 12 years. To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
ACWY meningitis
This vaccine protects against pneumococcal serotypes A, C, W-135 and Y, and is commercially known as Nimenrix.
The AEP had been suggesting for some time that the meningitis C vaccine given at 12 months and at 12 years, be replaced by a dose of this MenACWY conjugate vaccine, to protect against the other serotypes we have mentioned.
Health has announced that the tetravalent vaccine will be incorporated throughout 2020 in all vaccination schedules of the autonomous communities. But, for the moment, the communities that have taken this step have been Castilla y León (conjugate vaccine at 12 months and 12 years of age.), Canary Islands, Valencian Community, Community of Madrid, Andalusia and the city of Melilla.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Pneumococcus
This vaccine, known by the commercial name of Prevenar 13, became part of the state vaccination calendar in 2016. Until that date it was only administered in some autonomous communities.
What is pneumococcus?
Pneumococcus bacteria are responsible for causing pneumonia, meningitis (a serious infection of the membranes that surround the brain and can leave serious sequelae or even cause death) and other less serious infections such as sinusitis and otitis. In addition, it can cause sinusitis and otitis.
Dose of the vaccine
The Pneumococcal vaccine regimen is three doses: the first at two months of age, the second at four months and a third booster at 11 months. This vaccine can be administered at the same time as the rest of the calendar.
In the case of premature babies, this vaccine has special considerations that you can read here.
Human papilloma (HPV)
In actuality there are two vaccines on the market that protect against the two types of papillomavirus which most often cause cancer: Cervarix and Gardasil. Vaccination for girls is funded by the public health system, but vaccination for boys is not the case, despite being a recommendation of the AEP.
What is HPV?
The human papillomavirus (HPV), or papillomavirus, is transmitted by men and women during sexual intercourse, and responsible for various diseases, both serious (in women it causes cervical cancer) and mild.
Dose of the vaccine
The vaccine It is given to all girls and adolescents between 11 and 14 years old (depending on the official vaccination schedules of each autonomous community). The complete schedule consists of 2 or 3 doses and ends in 6 months.
Some autonomous communities such as the Canary Islands and Castilla y León have decided to replace the HPV vaccine with two or four viral types, with the nonavalent vaccine that protects against nine oncogenic genotypes.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Parotitis
This vaccine is part of the viral triple, along with measles and rubella.
What is mumps?
Mumps or mumps is a viral disease whose picture, in general, is usually mild and has a good prognosis. It can occur at any age and has an incubation period of between 12 and 24 days. In some cases where the disease is complicated, the nervous system, pancreas and testicles, in the case of men, may be affected.
Dose of the vaccine
The first dose of the triple viral vaccine is administered between 12 and 14 months (preferably at 12 months), and the second dose between two and four years (preferably between two and three years).
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Poliomyelitis
This vaccine can be administered loosely, as part of the hexavalent vaccine (together with tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B), or as part of the pentavalent vaccine (together with tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B).
What is poliomyelitis?
Is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus. There is no treatment, hence vaccination is the main tool currently available to avoid it. Once the virus enters the body, it may not infect and be asymptomatic, or enter the central system, pass into the bloodstream and begin to destroy motor nerve cells causing acute flaccid paralysis.
Dose of the vaccine
It is given to all children from two months of age. Four doses of vaccine are recommended: at two months, four months and 11 months of age, followed by a fourth dose at six years.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Rubella
This vaccine is part of the triple viral, along with measles and mumps.
What is rubella?
It is a disease caused by a virus that spreads through the air or through direct contact. In general, the symptoms are usually mild although in case of contracting during pregnancy it is very dangerous. Hence the importance of vaccination as a preventive measure.
Dose of the vaccine
The first dose of the triple viral vaccine is administered between 12 and 14 months (preferably at 12 months), and the second dose between two and four years (preferably between two and three years).
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Rotavirus
Currently, the two commercially available vaccines against rotavirus are RotaTeq and Rotarix, and they are not funded by the public health system, although pediatricians usually recommend it.
What is rotavirus?
It is the virus that most commonly causes moderate or severe acute gastroenteritis in children. If this virus is contracted by infants, the baby will almost certainly require hospitalization to prevent the risk of dehydration.
Dose of the vaccine
The complete schedule consists of 2 doses in the case of Rotarix and in 3 doses if RotaTeq is used.
Vaccination must begin after six weeks of life and before 12 weeks (including premature babies), and the most advisable is to administer it simultaneously with the two month vaccines. The doses should be separated from each other for at least one month. In addition, the guideline must be completed before 24 weeks (almost 6 months) of life, in the case of Rotarix, or 32 weeks (almost 8 months) in that of RotaTeq.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Measles
This vaccine is part of the triple viral, next to rubella and mumps.
What is measles?
Measles is a disease caused by a virus, very contagious and can be serious. If complicated, it can lead to otitis, pneumonia or encephalitis, and in the most serious cases it can cause death.
We are facing a measles outbreak worldwide. Europe and the United States gave the alarm a long time ago, and WHO places the anti-vaccine movements as the main responsible for the rebound of this disease.
Dose of the vaccine
The first dose of the triple viral vaccine is administered between 12 and 14 months (preferably at 12 months), and the second dose between two and four years (preferably between two and three years).
In the case that you are going to travel with your baby under 12 months to any of the countries affected by measles outbreaks, consult with your pediatrician, as the AEP recommends advancing the first dose of the vaccine if the stay is going to be prolonged.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here.
Tetanus
This vaccine can be administered as part of the hexalavelent vaccine (combined with diphtheria, polio, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B), of the pentavalent vaccine (combined diphtheria, polio, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B), from the trivalent vaccine (combined with diphtheria and pertussis) or combined only with diphtheria.
What is tetanus?
Tetanus is a serious disease caused by the bacteria toxin Clostridium tetani Y It occurs when a wound is contaminated with this bacteria. The toxin acts like a poison and affects the central nervous system causing muscle stiffness, spasms, seizures and other symptoms that put the person's life at risk.
Dose of the vaccine
Are administered five doses of the vaccine of tetanus, as follows:
Two doses at two and four months of DTPa vaccine (hexavalent), with booster at 11 months.
A fourth dose at six years with the standard loading preparation (DTPa-VPI), preferable to the low antigenic load of diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa-VPI).
A fifth dose between 12 and 14 years with Tdpa.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here
Whooping cough
This vaccine is usually given together with the tetanus and diphtheria (trivalent) vaccine. Although it can also be found as part of the hexavalent vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, polio, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B) and pentavalent (tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, whooping cough and Haemophilus influenzae type B).
What is whooping cough?
Whooping cough is a respiratory disease It is like a simple cold. However, the cough remains for weeks causing respiratory distress, vomiting and in more severe cases even death.
The children, especially newborns who have not yet received the vaccine are the most vulnerable to this disease, hence vaccination is recommended for pregnant women.
Dose of the vaccine
Are administered five doses of the vaccine of whooping cough as follows:
Two doses at two and four months of DTPa vaccine (hexavalent), with booster at 11 months.
A fourth dose at six years with the standard loading preparation (DTPa-VPI), preferable to the low antigenic load of diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa-VPI).
A fifth dose between 12 and 14 years with Tdpa.
The autonomous communities of Asturias, Madrid and Melilla include one more dose of booster at 13-14 years.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here
Chickenpox
The varicella vaccine was withdrawn by the Ministry of Health for a while, but after the increase in chickenpox cases in our country, it was subsequently re-included.
What is chickenpox?
It is a generally mild disease although serious complications such as encephalitis, Reye's syndrome, myocarditis, pneumonia, transient arthritis and cerebellar ataxia sometimes occur. Women who get chickenpox during pregnancy can pass the infection to the fetus and newborns are at risk of serious infection.
Dose of the vaccine
The guideline recommended by the AEP is a first dose between 12 and 15 months, and a second dose between three and four years of age.
To know more about this vaccine, you can read here
